On the heels of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) study on demographic differentials of biometric facial recognition accuracy, Karen Hao, an artificial intelligence authority and reporter for MIT Technology Review, recently explained that "bias can creep in at many stages of the [AI] deep-learning process" because "the standard practices in computer science aren't designed to detect it." "Fixing discrimination in algorithmic systems is not something that can be solved easily," explained Andrew Selbst, a post-doctoral candidate at the Data & Society Research Institute, and lead author of the recent paper, Fairness and Abstraction in Sociotechnical Systems. "A key goal of the fair-ML community is to develop machine-learning based systems that, once introduced into a social context, can achieve social and legal outcomes such as fairness, justice, and due process," the paper's authors, which include Danah Boyd, Sorelle A. Friedler, Suresh Venkatasubramanian, and Janet Vertesi, noted, adding that "(b)edrock concepts in computer science – such as abstraction and modular design – are used to define notions of fairness and discrimination, to produce fairness-aware learning algorithms, and to intervene at different stages of a decision-making pipeline to produce'fair' outcomes." "However," they pointed out, "we contend that these concepts render technical interventions ineffective, inaccurate, and sometimes dangerously misguided when they enter the societal context that surrounds decision-making systems. We outline this mismatch with five'traps' that fair-ML work can fall into, even as it attempts to be more context-aware in comparison to traditional data science."